Two main roadblocks to productive learning are students' lack of focus and students' struggle to understand their thinking.
My experiment in using bell work as a therapeutic exercise for students knocked down these roadblocks, resulting in student success in my classroom.

Clearing a Path for Student Understanding
When I was in graduate school, education professors made a big deal out of metacognition. “You must get students to think about their thinking,” they would inevitably say, without so much as hinting about how to do that, exactly.
So, as a younger educator, I designed lesson plans and activities that would give my students the opportunity to understand their cognitive selves better. Lots of introspective “why” and “how” questions were used, and my tenth graders were expected to identify and use their learning strengths. They completed inventories, surveys, and preference sheets, and I, in turn, used their responses to inform instruction. Everything was very by-the-book.
One problem arose, however; my greatest lessons could always be short-circuited by a single factor – student emotions. If students were angry, sad, excited, or anxious, I could forget about helping them think about how their individual minds worked. Their feelings informed their perceptions, and those perceptions then became decisions:
• “I don’t feel good today, so I’m not going to work,”
or
• “My dog just died, so I’m not going to read.”
Because I was working with students who had a wide range of learning differences, there was almost always some strong emotion blocking their path to mental clarity.
Read Use Bell Work As Student Therapy